Courses

 Mathematical background: Linear spaces, linear transformations, normed linear spaces, convergence. Axiomatic definitions of systems, state transition and read-out functions. Time varying linear systems, state transition matrix, decomposition property: zero-state and zero-input responses. Impulse response. Time-invariant systems: exponential of a matrix, matrix functions, canonical forms, transfer function matrices. Controllability, observability and stability definitions, criteria in linear time invariant and/or varying systems. Realization, minimal realization problem and methods. Eigenvalue placement by output and state feedback. Full and reduced-order observer design.

Information measure, entropy, its properties, joint and conditional entropy. Noiseless coding technique: Uniquely decipherable and instantaneously decipherable codes, Kraft inequality, noiseless coding theorem, Huffman codes, Lempel-Ziv algorithm. Discrete channel models: Discrete memoryless channels, channel capacity and computing methods. Decoding techniques: optimum and maximum likelihood decoding. Noisy coding theorem. Error correcting codes: Linear block codes, generator and parity check matrices, syndrome. Hamming codes, cyclic codes, BCH codes, convolutional codes, properties, encoder and decoder structures.

Review of probability theory and random variables. Sequence of random variables, convergence concepts. Stochastic processes: correlation and power spectra, stationarity, linear systems with random inputs, second order processes, stochastic continuity, differentiation and integration in quadratic mean, Gaussian processes, Poisson processes, Markow processes, Wiener processes, orthogonal expansions, least mean square error estimation.

Floating point arithmetic, number of correct decimals and correct digits. Analysis of linear resistive circuits: Formulation and solution of the circuit equations; number of operations and error analysis. Analysis of non-linear resistive circuits: formulation and solution of the circuit equations; speed of convergence; discrete models of circuit elements. Numerical solution of linear time-invariant ordinary differential equations. Analysis of non-linear dynamic circuits: Formulation and numerical solution of state equations; comparison of various algorithms. Discrete models of circuit's components. Convergence; numerical solutions of stiff differential equations, stability analysis of multi-step algorithms.

Complex plane. Functions in the complex plane. Analitic functions. Singularites. Analitic continuation. Differentiation and integration. Cauchy formula. Taylor and Laurent series. Conformal mapping and applications.

Discrete random processes: correlation functions and power density spectrum of stationary processes. Noise modelling, AR, MA, ARMA models. Linear prediction.  Optimum linear filters. Solution of normal equations. Algorithms and structures for optimum linear filters. Wiener and Kalman filters. Levinson and Schür algorithms. Least-square filtering. Signal modeling and parametric spectral estimation. Modulation Theory and system analysis.

Loop and node equations in s-domain, state equations, Tellegen's theorem, positive definite quadratic forms. Synthesis of immittance and transfer functions: 'z', 'y' parameters, zeroes of transmission. Active network synthesis, some classical network configurations, signal flow graph techniques. Filter characteristics and approximation techniques. Sensitivity and tolerance analysis.

Review of dynamical system models, classification of equilibrium solution. Results on 2-dimensional systems; Poincare-Bendixon theory for limit cycles. Liapunov theory; definitions of stability and applications to linear and nonlinear feedback systems. Input/output stability; definitions and derivation of frequency response criteria for stability. Stability in artificial neural networks.

Numerical solution of matrix equations and matrix eigenvalue problems. Method of moments. Finite difference and finite element methods. Variational methods. Spectral domain approach. The use of above methods in the solution of various antenna and scattering problems, and in the analysis of passive microwave components.                   

Modeling concept. Modeling of the junction diode and BJT: Static and dynamic parameters. SPICE, Ebers-Moll equations; EM1 EM2 and EM3 models, Gummel-Poon model, Modified EM model. JFET models. MOSFET models: SPICE Level-1, Level-2, Level-3 and Level-4 models. Op-Amp., operational transconductance amplifier (OTA), Current Conveyor, Analog Multiplier Macromodels. Measurement of model parameters. Introduction to MOSFET modelling with BSIM3.

Small / large signal models of High Frequency Amplifiers. YF oscillators. Noise in HF amplifiers. HF amplifiers. Microstrip and stripline techniques. Transistor, amplifier measurement techniques. Computer aided amplifier design. Phase detectors, phase-locked loop (PLL). Voltage-controlled oscillators (VCO). Frequency generators with PLL.

NMOS and PMOS processes. Transistor model. Basic and improved current mirrors, operational amplifiers. Comparators. Modeling and analysis of noise. Sample and hold (S/H) circuits. Reference voltage sources and translinear circuits. Operational transconductance amplifier (OTA). Current conveyors (CC). Continuous time and switched C filters. A/D and D/A converters. Phase-locked loops (PLL).

Introduction to CMOS circuits: theory, process and technology.  Characteristics of the circuits and behavior prediction. CMOS circuits and logic design. Transmission gate and differential CMOS logic design. Semiconductor memories. Low-power CMOS logic circuits. BiCMOS, GaAs digital circuits. On chip input-output circuits. An overview of mixed integrated circuit design. DA and parametric measurements, measurement's accuracy.

Phase controlled rectifier/inverter/chopper circuits. DC/DC converters, high frequency inverters and electromechanical speed drive control systems. Harmonics and filters. Characteristics of power semiconductor devices: diode, bipolar and field effect transistors, IGBT and thyristors; modeling, analysis and control techniques; magnetic circuits. Motor drive control applications in industrial systems, energy conversions, HVDC transmission and space crafts.

Fourier, single and double sided Laplace transformations, applications. Covariance, density functions and spectral density calculation. Signal-to-noise ratio in nonlinear systems. Sampling and interpolation. Langevin, Fokker-Planck and Boltzmann equations. Noise analysis in amplitude, frequency and phase modulation. Estimation theory. Detection and estimation of small signal. Neyman-Pearson and ideal observer detection algorithms. M-ary detection algorithms and performance measurements.

Pulse conduction in the baseband, numerical modulation. Linear modulation types: BPSK, DPSK, QPSK. Fixed envelope modulation techniques: BFSK, MSK, GMSK. Mixed Linear and fixed envelope modulation techniques: MPSK, QAM, MFSK. Spread spectrum modulation techniques: DS-SS, FH-SS. Equalizers. Carrier and bit synchronization.       

Fundamentals of RF propagation. Transmission media. RF and microwave satellite antennas. Channel modeling and analysis of microwave links.  Baseband signals, modulation and coding. Signal processing methods. System examples: Cellular, radiolink, positioning (GPS) and satellite systems. Design examples. Modeling and simulation of RF systems.

Channel models and capacity. Modulation and classical coding / decoding techniques. Multilevel coding, multi-stage decoding. Sequential codes. Decoding algorithms with soft decision: MAP, Log-MAP, SOVA. Parallel sequential (turbo) codes. Recursive decoding. Interleavers. Code design and error analysis, EXIT diagrams. Turbo type codes. Serial / parallel / mixed sequence codes, applications. Sequential coding with bandwidth and power efficiency. Low intensity parity check codes. Message transfer algorithms. Serial and parallel sequential space-time codes. Coding in multiple input-multiple output channels. Coding for fading channels and optimal receiver design. Vertical frequency division multiplexing (ODFM). Marking of channels with frequency selective damping. Spread spectrum communication.       

Noises, noise sources. Low frequency noise and minimum frequency. Random noise generators. Noise in linear systems: signal/noise ratio, noise temperature in RF, microwave, oscillator, amplifier, frequency multiplexer/divider etc. Noise processes. Noise properties of the circuits, noise in digital systems.

Spectral estimation problem. Nonparametric methods: correlogram and periodogram and their statistical properties. Parametric methods for rational spectra: order-recursive solutions and state-space equations. Parametric methods for line spectra. Data acquisition problem and sensor characteristics. Statistical tools for signal processing. Intelligent signal processing: blackboard architectures and knowledge-based signal processing.     

Concepts of film and video: missing data, noise, image instability and cropping, remote shooting effects. Digitizing and encoding the picture. Analysis of video images, motion estimation. Modeling and estimation of image sequences. Video image filtering and compression. Monitoring for object shredding and interactive video processing. Image sequence improvement. Video-code standards: MPEG-2, MPEB-4, etc.

Electromagnetic fundamentals related to active remote sensing. Radiation laws, passive remote sensing systems: Optical sensors, infrared and microwave radiometer systems. Active remote sensing systems. Radar fundamentals and radar scattering. Microwave imaging radars, Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) and ISAR. Remote sensing platforms: terrestrial, airborne, spaceborn remote sensing. Radar data acquisition. Data processing and evaluation. Data fusion and classification. Examples from applications like Landsat/ Mosaic use, geology (stratigraphy, structure), plant cover (agriculture, wood, and environment), town planning and land use and regional observations.

Microprocessor-based hardware and software systems. Design of dedicated purpose microprocessor systems used in electronic instrumentation, control and communications. Design of medium to large size microprocessor systems. Multi-processor system design. Software engineering methods. Cohesion, coupling, span of control. Recent approaches to software design. Software testing and implementation. Software maintainability. Hardware-software integration.

Electromagnetic theory of the light. Propagation of rays, spherical waves and Gaussian beams, Fourier optics. Modulation and detection of optical radiation: noise, interaction, diffraction, imaging, frequency domain filtering, holography. Interaction of light and sound. Lasers, optical wave guides, fibers, resonators, and applications. Fiber optics and applications.         

Low voltage limitations for MOSFETs and BJTs. Constant-gm rail-to-rail input stages for low voltage operational amplifiers. Rail-to-rail output stages for low voltage operational amplifiers. Compensation of low-voltage multistage operational amplifiers. Low-voltage current mirrors, transconductors, analog multipliers. Current-mode techniques for low-voltage analog IC's. Other low voltage design techniques (e.g. differential approach, log-domain filters, etc.)          

A review of feedback systems, the phase- and frequency-lock concepts, phase-locked loops (PLL), loop analysis, stability, loop dynamics and other characteristics, acquisition and tracking, phase noise, noise performance of PLLs, loop filters, phase-detectors, frequency detectors, phase-frequency detectors, voltage-controlled oscillators (VCO), crystal VCOs (XVCO), reference oscillators, dividers, counters and prescalers, frequency synthesis, PLL frequency synthesizers, offset loops, multiple loop synthesizers, fractional-N synthesis, phase and frequency modulation/demodulation with PLLs, digital PLLs, example systems, design and analysis of PLLs with computers, direct-digital synthesizers.        

Basic CMOS circuit techniques. Low voltage and current mode signal processing. Switched capacitor and switched current circuits such as amplifiers, integrators, S/H circuits, filters, oscillators, comparators, A/D and D/A converters. Advanced techniques for corrections of nonideal behavior. Analysis and simulation projects.

Fundamentals of EM, Radio wave propagation modeling, Modeling of antennas and phase shifted arrays, EM Scattering, Fracture theory, High frequency asymptotic approaches (Geometric optics, physics optics, Fracture theory), EM field - matter interaction, Type EM applications.

Radar Scattering Surface (RSY) definition, RSY frequency regions, High Frequency RSY calculation techniques, Geometric Optics (GO), physical optics (PO), Geometric and physical fractionation techniques, numerical methods, FDTD, TLM and MoM methods, RSY reduction techniques.

Concepts and principles of cryptography and network security. Classical and modern cryptography, cryptoanalysis, secret key crypto systems, public key crypto systems, digital signature and authentication, one-way functions and message autonomy, key distribution and key management, network security protocols. Practical aspects and applications of security protocols and crypto systems in networked systems such as the Internet.

Ground wave propagation, Cellular communication systems and propagation effects, satellite communication and propagation effects, subsurface imaging and propagation effects, analytical and numerical methods in two and three dimensional problems, FDTD-based simulators, TLM-based simulators, MoM-based simulators, Step-by-step parabolic equation method, validation analysis, data validation, crediting, canonical examples.

Sequential machines and Hartmanis-Stearns algebraic theory. Regular expressions. Decomposition theory, Linear sequential machines. Information-lossless machines. Codes, Single decoding. Introduction to formal languages. Context-independent and context-sensitive languages. Turing machines. Computability, stability and nonresolvability.

Review of discrete-time random processes and detailed analysis of linear filters. Optimal filters: Wiener, Kalman, Linear Estimation. Least Square Mean algorithm and its types. Iterative Least Square algorithms and their types. Analysis of adaptation algorithms, computational complexity, real-time adaptation, FIR, IIR and mesh adaptive filters. Numerical stability of algorithms.

Green's function representations for closed and open uniform waveguides.  Modal solutions for closed waveguides.   Open waveguides, modal solutions, perturbation techniques.   Discontinuities in waveguides: analytical, numerical approaches.   Generalized scattering matrix representations, determination of equivalent network parameters.  Coupled waveguides.  Periodic structures.  Application examples.

Stability, Liapunov's second method and its application in control systems design. Variational calculus, maximum principle, dynamic programming and Hamilton Jacobi-Bellman equations. Pontragin's minimum principle, linear-quadratic regulator design, time optimal control systems, singular control problems. Dynamic optimization in control systems for different terminal conditions. Numerical solution methods in optimal control problem.

System matrices, standard forms, separating zeroes. Stability and design of multiple input-multiple output control systems. Dynamic state feedback and strong observability. Stability and design of multiple input-multiple output control systems in the frequency domain: inverse Nyquist sequence and characteristic ground curve techniques, applications to industrial systems.       

Stochastic processes; modeling, energy/mass/momentum conservation. Process identification by step response; first, second and higher orders processes. Frequency domain system identification; correlation methods. System identification using least squares. Model order estimation; model structure validitation. Recursive system identification methods; AR/MA model. Linear approximation. Applications.